Nikolaj Ehlers scored, and Connor Hellebuyck made 18 saves for the Jets (24-22-10), who had a three-game point streak end (2-0-1).
"We know where we're at, we're not in a playoff spot," Ehlers said. "That's what you work hard for during the summer, and that's what you battle for in the regular season. … There's no excuses. We've just got to win some games."
Barclay Goodrow gave New York a 1-0 lead at 2:01 of the first period when he redirected a centering pass from Trouba.
"We got the early lead (but) it wasn't a great game," Rangers coach Gerard Gallant said. "I mean, the shots didn't indicate the game for me. … They shot a lot of pucks. Six power plays didn't help."
Kreider made it 2-0 at 17:28 with a power-play goal. Panarin's attempted pass to the slot was blocked by Adam Lowry, but the puck deflected to Kreider, who scored with a backhand at the top of the crease.
Ehlers scored his own power-play goal to cut it to 2-1 at 13:34 of the second period.
"Their goalie was good," Winnipeg coach Dave Lowry said. "If you look at where the shots were, they weren't outside shots. We had lots of shots inside, a lot of quality looks, and their goalie made a lot of saves."
Kreider pushed it to 3-1 at 6:21 of the third period. He won a race against Nate Schmidt for the puck, got around a poke check by Hellebuyck, and scored with a backhand.
"It's not going the way we hoped," Hellebuyck said. "You can only imagine how frustrating it is in the room. I don't think it's from lack of effort. I know that everyone cares and everyone wants it, but it's just not going our way."