Wyatt Kalynuk scored his first NHL goal, and Kevin Lankinen made 23 saves for the Blackhawks (19-18-5), who won for the second time in five games despite falling behind by two goals early in the first period.
"Obviously, we need these points. We should've been ready from the start," DeBrincat said. "It's good to battle back, can't always be leading all through the game, but we had that resilience and effort to get back into the game."
Patrik Laine scored his first goal in 15 games for the Blue Jackets (15-20-8), who have lost five of six and are 2-8-1 in the past 11. Elvis Merzlikins made 24 saves.
"I don't think we played hard enough through the middle part of that game," Columbus coach John Tortorella said. "Found our way in the third period."
The teams will play again here Monday.
Michael Del Zotto scored for the second straight game to give the Blue Jackets a 1-0 lead 1:03 into the game.
Cam Atkinson made it 2-0 at 3:13 when he scored from the top of the crease off a pass from Jack Roslovic out of the right corner.
Chicago coach Jeremy Colliton called a timeout after the goal, and Columbus had one shot on goal the next 25:27.
"We just weren't ready to play," DeBrincat said. "We were getting beat off the wall, missing checks. That's pretty much what was said in the time out, just wake up a bit."