Alex Pietrangelo had four assists, Phil Kessel and Pavel Dorofeyev each had a goal and an assist, and Jiri Patera made 35 saves for Vegas (43-21-6), which has won five of its past six games and moved two points ahead of the Los Angeles Kings for first in the Pacific Division and Western Conference.
"[Patera] was excellent," Golden Knights coach Bruce Cassidy said. "We gave up too much again tonight in terms of good chances. … Our third period was good for the most part. We didn't get too far away from it. We wanted to check well and still play the right way and try to extend the lead, if possible."
Of the 12 games Vegas has remaining, 10 will come against teams still in the Stanley Cup Playoff picture in the West.
"It'll be a tough stretch. We're playing a lot of teams twice," Golden Knights forward Reilly Smith said. "Those can be pretty tricky because you split those games a lot. We got to make sure we're picking up as many points as we can. A lot of those teams are chasing us. We have to make sure we come out with a good concerted effort to make teams beat us."
Kirill Marchenko and Liam Foudy scored, and Patrik Laine had two assists for Columbus (21-41-7), which has lost three in a row. Daniil Tarasov allowed five goals on 29 shots before being replaced at 16:57 of the second period by Michael Hutchinson, who made 10 saves.
Associate coach Pascal Vincent coached the Blue Jackets after Brad Larsen left the team due to a death in the family.
"[Vegas] took advantage of their chances. Their goalie was pretty good," Vincent said. "That's the difference between a good team and a team in our position. We need to sustain that pace for 60 minutes. We're going to get there. Just right now, that's not the case. We had our moments, but we need to sustain it for 60 minutes."
Kessel gave the Golden Knights a 1-0 lead at 5:15 of the first period, scoring a power-play goal after receiving a cross-crease pass from Dorofeyev. It was his first goal in 16 games.