Pittsburgh Penguins forward Jake Guentzel was second (12.017), going 4-for-5.
"He did awesome," Penguins goalie Tristan Jarry said. "He only missed one and it was high glove."
Anaheim Ducks forward Troy Terry was third (13.491). Forward Jonathan Marchessault of the host Vegas Golden Knights finished eighth (27.782).
This is the second All-Star appearance for Aho, who was at the 2019 event in San Jose. The All-Star Game and Skills were not held last season because of coronavirus concerns.
"[Aho] was great. Obviously 10 seconds is hard to beat. As soon as I saw that I was like, 'OK, I'm in trouble,'" said Boston Bruins forward Patrice Bergeron, who finished seventh in 20.947. "I was hoping to do a little better, but it was fun. Kudos to him for what he did. I thought the whole night was well done and I had a great time."
Former women's hockey player Jocelyne Lamoureux-Davidson and former NHL defenseman Deryk Engelland were among those who passed pucks to the players shooting.
"It is so different," Aho said. "I'm not going to lie, I was a little nervous going into there, but it was just fun, so it was a cool experience."
NHL.com staff writer Tom Gulitti contributed to this report
RESULTS
Sebastian Aho, Carolina Hurricanes, 10.937 seconds
Jake Guentzel, Pittsburgh Penguins, 12.017
Troy Terry, Anaheim Ducks, 13.491
Rasmus Dahlin, Buffalo Sabres, 17.205
Johnny Gaudreau, Calgary Flames, 17.811
Clayton Keller, Arizona Coyotes, 18.997
Patrice Bergeron, Boston Bruins, 20.947
Jonathan Marchessault, Vegas Golden Knights, 27.782
Leon Draisaitl, Edmonton Oilers, 36.543