Cal Petersen made 25 saves in his debut for the Flyers (5-6-1). He was acquired from Los Angeles along with defenseman Sean Walker in a three-team trade that included the Columbus Blue Jackets on June 6.
Philadelphia, which went 0-for-4 on the power play, was playing the second of back-to-back games after winning 5-1 at the Buffalo Sabres on Friday.
"They know we played last night and I'm sure they talked about it, but we weathered it," Flyers coach John Tortorella said. "And I thought we played fairly well from there. The part for me is it's 2-0 late in the second period, next thing you know you're down 4-0."
The shutout was Talbot's 29th in the NHL, and first since signing a one-year, $1 million contract with the Kings on July 1.
"The win is what's really important," he said. "The shutout is always just an added bonus as far as I'm concerned."
Talbot has won three straight games and is 6-2-1 with a 2.14 goals-against average and .923 save percentage in nine games this season. He had a 2.93 GAA and .898 save percentage in 36 games with the Ottawa Senators last season.
"He fits the group," Kings coach Todd McLellan said. "When the group plays consistent, we call on him to make some big saves, which he had to tonight. But if we're playing the way we can play, we should be protecting him, not forcing him to make 10-bell saves every shift. And he's got a calm demeanor. He's confident. He's all the things we thought we were getting."