The tournament will be held in Lausanne, Switzerland from May 8-24.
"It's great to have Peter as our head coach," U.S. general manager Chris Drury said. "He brings significant international experience, both as a player and a coach, and his passion and desire to win align with our goal of bringing home the gold medal."
Laviolette was fired as Nashville Predators coach on Jan. 6. He's 16th in NHL history with 637 wins in 18 seasons as coach of the Predators, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes and New York Islanders. He won the Stanley Cup with the Hurricanes in 2006 and guided the Flyers (2010) and Predators (2017) to the Final.
He coached the United States to a third-place finish at Worlds in 2004 and was coach in 2005 and 2014.
"Peter is a terrific coach and someone who has had success wherever he's been," said John Vanbiesbrouck, assistant executive director of hockey operations for USA Hockey. "We're thrilled to have him back as head coach of our men's national team."
Players and the rest of the coaching staff will be named at a later date. They'll be chosen by Drury, also the assistant GM of the New York Rangers, Vanbiesbrouck, and other members of the U.S. Men's National Team Advisory Committee, which consists of NHL GMs David Poile (Predators), Don Waddell (Carolina Hurricanes), Dale Tallon (Florida Panthers), Stan Bowman (Chicago Blackhawks), Jeff Gorton (Rangers) and Bill Guerin (Minnesota Wild).