The 33-year-old forward will need five months to recover from the procedure he had Thursday, the Lightning said. That would make him available Oct. 31.
Callahan told the Tampa Bay Times he played with a dislocated shoulder sustained Dec. 14 against the Arizona Coyotes.
"It's tough," he said May 24. "That's my third [surgery] in four years or something like that. It's never fun. It's part of it. Everybody goes through injuries. Everybody deals with it, so rehab, get better and get ready for next year."
Callahan played 15 of the Lightning's 17 Stanley Cup Playoff games. He had two goals and one assist for Tampa Bay, which was eliminated by the Washington Capitals in a seven-game Eastern Conference Final.
Callahan had 18 points (five goals, 13 assists) in 67 regular-season games after playing 18 games the season before, when he had two surgeries on his hip.
He has 369 points (179 goals, 190 assists) in 705 NHL games with the Lightning and New York Rangers.