The 36-year-old center scored 17 points (five goals, 12 assists) in 48 games last season.
"At this point in my career, being wanted is a great thing," Getzlaf said. "That proves that someone still believes in you and is interested in you, and ultimately that's what the Anaheim Ducks said to me at the end of the day."
Selected by Anaheim in the first round (No. 19) of the 2003 NHL Draft, Getzlaf has been Ducks captain since Oct. 4, 2010.
"This was a unique opportunity and a unique experience for me, and something I hadn't been through in my whole career, so it was a fun day," Getzlaf said. "I learned a lot of things today and, ultimately, ended up exactly where I wanted to be.
"I've never had other teams pursuing me, which was a great feeling. I'm not going to lie. It was a good feeling to be able to talk, and I think, for me, it was more understanding what other players go through. There are a lot of players who go through this many times in their career, and I think it gave me a better understanding of what it's like."
Getzlaf is Anaheim's leader in games (1,101) and assists (703), ranks second in points (982), and is fourth in goals (279). He is the Ducks leader in the Stanley Cup Playoffs in goals (37), assists (83), points (120) and games (125). He won the Stanley Cup in 2007, was named to the NHL Second All-Star Team in 2013-14, and has played in three NHL All-Star Games (2008, 2009, 2015) during his 16 NHL seasons.
"It was always our intention to sign Ryan, and we are thrilled he chose to stay," Ducks general manager Bob Murray said. "His loyalty to this franchise is unique in pro sports, and it is our hope he remains a Duck for his entire career."
NHL.com independent correspondent Dan Arritt contributed to this report