Marleau had one shot on goal in 17:21 of ice time. It was the forward's 899th consecutive game; he can reach 900 when the teams play again here Wednesday.
"I didn't know what they had planned or anything like that. It was super special to see all the things they did," Marleau said. "I know there was a lot of work throughout the organization to make this happen. I saw all the patches, the sweaters, T-shirts, nameplates. They didn't miss a thing.
"I thank the Golden Knights organization for giving the family a suite to sit in and enjoy the game tonight. Their fans through all the cheering and support they showed tonight, and a lot of Sharks fans too. Very humbling and very grateful for everything that happened tonight."
The Golden Knights (32-11-2) rallied after trailing 2-0 to win their seventh straight game. Mark Stone scored twice and extended his point streak to five games (five goals, five assists), and Robin Lehner made 29 saves.
"I think in the moment, you don't really understand the magnitude of it," Stone said. "When I get home tonight and really reflect on what just happened, I think I'm going to have a big thing of emotion going through me, to be a part of a huge night for him."
Martin Jones made 38 saves for the Sharks (18-22-5), who have lost six in a row.
"I was extremely pleased," San Jose coach Bob Boughner said. "We know this was the hottest team in the League. There was a lot of emotion in this game and a lot on the line. We wanted to make sure we honored 'Patty' the best way we could. That was by playing hard as a team."
The Golden Knights moved two points ahead of the Colorado Avalanche for first in the eight-team Honda West Division. The Sharks trail the Arizona Coyotes by four points for fourth place. The top four teams will qualify for the Stanley Cup Playoffs.
Marleau started the game and was honored after the opening whistle. A video message from NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman played, congratulating Marleau on the achievement.
"We didn't know they were going to stop play after the first whistle there, and that video and the response by both teams and the crowd, I was tearing up," Sharks captain Logan Couture said. "It's just cool to be a part of, and something every player in this game will remember for the rest of their lives."
Nikolai Knyzhov scored at 9:27 of the first period to give the Sharks a 1-0 lead.