Stamkos, Tampa Bay's captain, had four shots on goal and played 18:12 after missing a 4-1 win at New Jersey on Tuesday due to a knee injury.
"You want to be feeling as good as you can coming down the stretch, so I think it was probably the smart decision not to play the other night," Stamkos said. "I felt 10 times better tonight than I did against [the] Winnipeg [Jets in a 3-2 loss on Sunday), so well worth it."
Timo Meier scored two goals, Nico Hischier had two assists, and Akira Schmid made 21 saves for the Devils (44-17-7), who lost consecutive games for the first time since Dec. 23-28.
New Jersey is one point behind the Carolina Hurricanes, who have two games in hand, for first in the Metropolitan Division.
"They're a good team; we saw that [Tuesday]," Meier said. "They took advantage of our mistakes. It was a tough game, but we stuck with it, we capitalized on some of our chances."