Tyler Bertuzzi had two goals and an assist, and Max Domi and Jake McCabe each had two assists for the Maple Leafs (46-23-9), who are 6-1-0 in their past seven games. Joseph Woll made 18 saves.
Toronto remained three points behind the Florida Panthers for second in the Atlantic Division with one game in hand.
Nico Hischier and Dawson Mercer each had a goal and an assist, and Jake Allen made 32 saves for the Devils (37-37-5), who were eliminated from Stanley Cup Playoff contention.
"I think this has been one of those seasons where there's been high expectations and things don't go the way you want," New Jersey interim coach Travis Green said. "It's different when you have a veteran team and young team, and you've also got a lot of people, key players injured all year. I believe there's a process to everything.
"Our process really hasn't changed from Day One. It's been about how we improve as a group and how do we win more consistently than we have. It's installing some of my beliefs."
New Jersey announced earlier in the day that forward Jack Hughes will undergo shoulder surgery on Wednesday in Colorado and miss the remainder of the regular season.
"I just think with where we're at this time, it's time to shut him down," Green said. "It's no secret he's been struggling a little bit, but kudos to him to continue to play and try to help this team get into the playoffs."
Nicholas Robertson gave the Maple Leafs a 1-0 lead at 8:56 of the first period on a wrist shot from the slot.
Hischier tied it 1-1 at 14:25 of the first, splitting McCabe and defensemen Simon Benoit at the blue line before scoring with his backhand.
Mercer gave New Jersey a 2-1 lead with a power-play goal at 5:17 of the second period, scoring with a backhand just inside the left post.