Nick Bonino had two goals for the Predators (28-16-4), who had lost two in a row. Juuse Saros made 26 saves.
"It's a great feeling," Arvidsson said. "I think we had a great team game, and we really made them pay on their mistakes. We played tight defensively. We only let in two goals against a skilled team like this, so it was a great effort."
WATCH: [All Capitals vs. Predators highlights]
Nicklas Backstrom and T.J. Oshie scored for Washington (27-14-5), which has lost three consecutive games (0-2-1). Pheonix Copley made 22 saves. Braden Holtby backed up Copley for precautionary reasons after Holtby was poked in the eye with a stick in the 2-1 overtime loss to the Columbus Blue Jackets on Saturday.
"A little bit of a difficult circumstance finding out just a few hours before the game that [Holtby] wasn't going to be able to play," Capitals coach Todd Reirden said. "So we have to go with [Copley] in that situation on a back-to-back situation, which is a very difficult situation, especially coming in playing a team that hadn't played the prior evening."
Arvidsson gave the Predators a 1-0 lead at 3:45 of the first period on a breakaway. He got behind the defense and received a pass from Mattias Ekholm and scored his 15th goal.
"I've been feeling better and better," Arvidsson said. "You get into that groove of the games every other day, just to be back for I don't know, three weeks now, it feels better and better. We played great tonight and started to get that chemistry with [Filip Forsberg and Ryan Johansen]. I thought we played great today and found each other."