Robert Bortuzzo had two assists, and Joel Hofer made 25 saves for St. Louis (32-33-6), which extended its point streak to four games (3-0-1), including a 3-2 shootout loss to Detroit on Tuesday.
"We're doing a lot of good things," Blues coach Craig Berube said. "We need to keep building from here."
Edvinsson gave the Red Wings a 1-0 lead 38 seconds into the first period when his centering pass from the left face-off circle went in off the skate of Justin Faulk.
Selected in the first round (No. 6) in the 2021 NHL Draft, Edvinsson was playing his third NHL game after being promoted from Grand Rapids on March 17 on an emergency basis.
"I'll be happy about the goal tomorrow, but tonight is about losing," Edvinsson said. "I felt for myself, taking two penalties, it wasn't good enough."